Domain text corpora
Depth in a vertical, where generic corpora are thin.
- Industry and technical publications
- Regulatory and standards documents
- Product and technical documentation
- Forum and community text where permitted
- Long-form editorial content
With a provenance manifest, because you will be asked where it came from.
Anyone can hand you a terabyte of scraped text. The question that decides whether you can actually ship a model trained on it is where every document came from, whether the publisher allowed it, and whether you can prove either. That record is the deliverable.
Free pilot on your own sources, returned in 48 hours. No card, no trial clock — and you keep the sample data either way.
Last verified 5 August 2026 by the Actowiz Solutions Data Engineering team.
AI training data collection is the assembly of web-sourced text and structured content into corpora suitable for machine learning: large-scale pretraining sets, domain-specific fine-tuning sets, evaluation and benchmark sets, and document indexes for retrieval-augmented generation.
Volume is the easy part. The part that determines whether your model can be deployed commercially is whether you can account for the corpus — document by document.
A machine-readable manifest with one record per document: source domain, URL hash, fetch timestamp, the robots.txt snapshot in effect at fetch, whether TDM opt-out signals were present, declared licence and how we determined it, language, quality score, duplicate cluster, PII flags and token estimate.
Crucially, the manifest also records documents we excluded and why. An auditable pipeline shows its rejections. A pipeline that only shows what it kept cannot be verified by anyone, including you.
We are not a licensing intermediary. We do not grant you rights to publisher content, and we cannot tell you whether your intended training use is lawful in your jurisdiction — that is a question for your counsel, and the legal position is actively developing. What we provide is disciplined collection and a complete, honest record so that your counsel can reason about it with real facts.
Most engagements are domain-specific rather than general web crawl, because that is where public corpora are weakest and value is highest.
Depth in a vertical, where generic corpora are thin.
Non-prose data for grounding and tool use.
Retrieval corpora with the metadata retrieval needs.
Held-out data with contamination control.
Coverage beyond English, where corpora are thinnest.
The processing that makes a corpus usable.
A managed engagement, not a tool licence. We own the pipeline and everything that breaks in it.
The corpus is the payload; the manifest is what makes it defensible. Every engagement delivers both.
| Field | Type | What it captures | Refresh |
|---|---|---|---|
doc_id / url_hash |
string | Stable document identity and a hash of the source URL, avoiding URL storage where you prefer | Every run |
source_domain |
string | Publishing domain, so per-publisher exclusion requests can be executed | Every run |
fetched_at |
timestamp | Exact UTC fetch time, which anchors every compliance claim about that document | Every run |
robots_allowed / robots_snapshot_id |
boolean / string | Whether robots.txt permitted collection, and a reference to the snapshot in effect | Every run |
tdm_optout_present |
boolean | Whether a text-and-data-mining opt-out signal was detected at fetch | Every run |
license_declared / license_basis |
string / enum | Any licence the page declared and how we determined it, rather than an assumption | Every run |
content_type / language / lang_confidence |
enum / string | Document class, detected language and detection confidence | Every run |
token_estimate |
int | Approximate token count, so corpus budgeting works before you process anything | Every run |
quality_score / boilerplate_removed_pct |
decimal | Tunable quality score and how much navigation and boilerplate was stripped | Every run |
near_dup_cluster |
string | Near-duplicate cluster ID, retained so you can adjust dedup aggressiveness yourself | Every run |
pii_flags / pii_redacted |
array / boolean | Detected PII categories and whether redaction was applied | Every run |
decision / exclusion_reason |
enum / string | For excluded documents, the reason — so the pipeline is auditable | Every run |
Excluded documents appear in the manifest with their exclusion reason. A pipeline that only reports what it kept cannot be audited, including by you, which is the opposite of what this service exists to provide.
Domain-specific collection is where we add most value. General web crawl is largely a solved commodity through public corpora.
We decline sources whose terms or signals prohibit collection for machine learning, and we tell you which parts of a requested scope that removes rather than quietly substituting weaker sources. Request a source we don't list →
We deliver into 40+ countries. These are the markets where this particular service is requested most, and the reason demand concentrates there.
| Market | Why demand concentrates here |
|---|---|
| United States | The largest concentration of AI labs and enterprise ML teams, and the market where training data provenance questions arrive earliest in procurement. |
| United Kingdom & European Union | Text-and-data-mining rules and active regulatory attention make documented opt-out compliance a purchase requirement rather than a preference. |
| India & Singapore | Fast-growing enterprise AI development with heavy demand for domain and multilingual corpora that public datasets cover poorly. |
| Japan & South Korea | Strong AI investment with acute need for high-quality non-English corpora, where web text is comparatively thin. |
We run production collection across 40+ countries. Coverage depth varies by market and by source, so we confirm what is actually available for your specific markets during scoping rather than claiming uniform global coverage. Ask about a market we don't list →
Enterprise ML teams and RAG builders dominate; frontier-scale pretraining collection is a smaller but growing share.
Fine-tuning needs domain depth that public corpora do not contain, and your legal team will not approve an unaccounted corpus.
Domain-specific corpora with per-document provenance, opt-out compliance and a manifest your counsel can review before training starts.
Model quality on domain evals
Retrieval quality depends on chunking, freshness and source attribution, and maintaining crawlers is not your product.
Chunked, attributed document indexes with freshness timestamps and incremental refresh, delivered to your vector store pipeline.
Retrieval precision
You cannot approve a training corpus whose sourcing cannot be described document by document.
A machine-readable manifest with robots snapshots, opt-out signals, licence basis and full exclusion logs, plus a written methodology document.
Approval time to train
Pretraining and evaluation corpora need scale plus documented sampling and contamination control.
Large-scale collection with deduplication clusters retained, time-partitioned held-out sets and documented sampling methodology.
Benchmark integrity
Corpus pipelines are fragile, and quality filtering plus dedup at scale is not a side project.
A maintained pipeline delivering filtered, deduplicated, manifested corpora on a schedule, with quality thresholds you control.
Engineering hours reclaimed
Reproducible research requires a documented corpus and a sampling method others can inspect.
Documented corpora with full manifests and reproducible sampling, plus honest reporting of what was excluded and why.
Reproducibility
Four patterns, with the outcome each is judged on.
A vertical corpus is assembled from sources vetted for their collection signals, with per-document provenance, licence basis and opt-out status recorded, and exclusions logged. Legal review happens against the manifest before any training run begins.
Outcome: Fine-tuning proceeding with documented sourcing rather than stalling in legal review.
Documents are chunked with stable IDs, heading structure preserved and source attribution retained per chunk, then refreshed incrementally so the index does not drift stale.
Outcome: Retrieval answers that cite a real source and reflect current content rather than a one-off crawl.
An existing corpus is processed for exact and near-duplicate clustering, boilerplate removal and quality scoring, with cluster IDs retained so dedup aggressiveness stays tunable.
Outcome: Training compute spent on distinct content rather than on the roughly 30% that was duplicated.
Held-out sets are constructed with time partitioning and checked for overlap against the training corpus, with the sampling method documented.
Outcome: Benchmark results that are not quietly inflated by training-set contamination.
Clients rarely permit naming. These are real engagement shapes with identifying detail removed, so you can judge whether the work resembles your situation.
The team had assembled a domain corpus quickly for fine-tuning, but could not describe where individual documents came from or whether publishers had signalled objections.
Rebuild with per-document provenance, robots.txt snapshots recorded at fetch, TDM opt-out detection and a full exclusion log delivered as a manifest.
Legal review completed against the manifest and training proceeded, having previously been blocked.
Prospective enterprise customers asked how training data was sourced, and the answer was a scraped corpus with no records, which stalled several deals.
Corpus reconstruction on vetted sources with provenance captured at fetch and a machine-readable manifest including every exclusion and its reason.
Sourcing questions in procurement became answerable with documents rather than assurances.
Examples are anonymised at client request. Named references are available on request under NDA. See published case studies →
Before you commit to anything, we run this service against your own sources and send you the output. If the coverage isn't there, the sample will show you that too — which is the point. We would rather lose the deal at the pilot than at month three.
Same collection pipeline and same QA underneath. The difference is who holds the schedule and how the data reaches you.
We own the collection, the QA and the delivery. You receive clean data on a schedule and never touch a scraper.
Best fit: Teams who need the data, not the infrastructure.
The same collection pipeline exposed as an authenticated REST endpoint your systems query directly.
Best fit: Product and engineering teams building on live data.
A defined pull for a specific question — market sizing, diligence, a pitch, a one-off audit.
Best fit: Research, strategy and diligence work with a deadline.
Every engagement is quoted individually, because the honest answer depends on your scope: how many sources, how many records, how often, and how the data reaches you. We scope it with you, run a free pilot on your own sources, and then quote a fixed monthly figure — no per-request metering and no overage billing when volumes move. Request a quote and you will have a number after one call.
The provenance and compliance layer is what teams underestimate, and it cannot be added retrospectively.
| Consideration | In-house scraping team | Generic proxy / DIY tool | Actowiz managed feed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to first usable data | 6–12 weeks of engineering before anything is trustworthy | Days, but output needs manual cleanup before use | Free pilot in 48 hours, production in 5–10 business days |
| Who fixes it when a source changes | Your engineers, at the cost of their roadmap | You do — tools report failures, they don't resolve them | We do, same business day, inside the retainer |
| Data quality assurance | Whatever your team has time to build | None beyond HTTP success | Schema validation plus sampled human QA on every run |
| Compliance documentation | Rarely produced, then requested urgently by legal | Not provided; terms risk sits with you | Sources, method and lawful basis documented for review |
| Accountability | Distributed across a team with other priorities | A support ticket queue | A named engineer and an account owner |
| True annual cost | Engineer salaries, proxies, hosting, ongoing maintenance | Low licence fee plus significant hidden analyst time | One fixed monthly retainer, quoted after scoping |
This is the single most important operational point about training data, and it is the one teams discover too late: the compliance record must be created at fetch time or it does not exist.
The pattern we see repeatedly: a team collects a corpus quickly, trains a promising model, then hits enterprise procurement or an investor diligence process that asks how the training data was sourced. There is no answer, because the record was never created. The options at that point are retraining on an accounted corpus or shipping something the buyer will not sign off.
Recording provenance at fetch time costs very little. Recreating it costs a retraining cycle. We build the manifest as a first-class output rather than as documentation, which is why exclusions appear in it too.
Whether your specific training use is lawful in your jurisdiction. That question is genuinely unsettled and actively litigated in several places, and any vendor giving you a confident answer is overreaching. We give your counsel accurate facts to reason from. The legal judgement stays with them.
Roughly a third of a naively collected web corpus is duplicate or near-duplicate content. Training on it wastes compute and, in some regimes, actively degrades the model through memorisation of repeated text.
Dedup aggressiveness is a modelling decision, not a data-cleaning one. A team building a general model usually wants aggressive removal. A team studying syndication patterns needs the duplicates. A team fine-tuning on a small domain may want one representative per cluster but chosen by quality rather than by first-seen.
So we cluster and label rather than silently dropping. You receive the corpus with near_dup_cluster on every document and can collapse clusters however your objective requires — without recollecting anything. Quality scores work the same way: we deliver the score and a recommended threshold rather than pre-filtering to our own judgement of what is good enough.
Boilerplate removal is the exception, applied by default, with boilerplate_removed_pct recorded so you can see how aggressive it was per document. For teams also collecting structured market data, this pairs with our news data and ecommerce services, which share the same deduplication engine.
Source scope is vetted for collection signals first, and we tell you what the vetting removes before you commit.
You send us target sites, regions, SKUs or keywords. We return a field-level schema proposal, coverage estimate and refresh recommendation — usually within two working days.
We extract a real sample from your actual targets so you can inspect field fill rates, edge cases and match quality before any commitment.
Our engineers build extractors, then wire validation rules: type checks, range checks, duplicate detection and golden-record comparison against a manually verified subset.
Feeds run at your chosen cadence and land in the warehouse or bucket you already use. Schema changes are versioned and announced before they ship.
We watch coverage drift, fill rates and source changes daily. A named engineer owns your account, and layout breaks are fixed by us — not queued for you.
JSON, JSONL, CSV, Parquet or XLSX, delivered to Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure Blob, SFTP, Snowflake, BigQuery, Databricks or a REST/GraphQL endpoint. Webhooks fire on completion, and every batch ships with a manifest containing row counts, schema version and QA results so your pipeline can fail loudly instead of silently ingesting a bad file. Corpora are commonly delivered as JSONL or Parquet shards with a separate manifest file, sized for your training pipeline.
We honour robots.txt at fetch time and record the snapshot in effect, respect text-and-data-mining opt-out signals, and log every exclusion with its reason. We do not bypass paywalls, logins or access controls. We are not a licensing intermediary and grant no rights to publisher content; the manifest exists so your counsel can assess your intended use with accurate facts.
These are contractual, not marketing copy. They appear in the engagement document.
| Commitment | What we hold ourselves to |
|---|---|
| Pilot turnaround | A real sample from your own sources within 48 hours of scoping, at no cost. |
| Go-live | Production collection running within 5–10 business days of sign-off. |
| Delivery punctuality | 99.5% on-schedule delivery, measured monthly and reported to you. |
| Breakage response | Source layout changes triaged same business day; critical sources inside 4 hours. |
| Data quality | Schema validation on every run plus sampled human QA before any delivery leaves us. |
| Escalation | A named engineer and an account owner, not a shared ticket queue. |
| Change requests | Field additions and source changes handled inside the retainer, not re-quoted. |
| Exit | Your historical data exported in full on request. No lock-in, no export fee. |
Plain definitions of the terms used on this page, so procurement and legal reviewers are working from the same vocabulary as your data team.
What ML, platform and governance teams ask during evaluation.
No, and any vendor who says yes is overreaching. The legal position on training on web content is genuinely unsettled and actively litigated in several jurisdictions, and it depends on where you are, what you collect and what you build.
What we can do is give your counsel accurate facts to reason from: per-document provenance, the robots.txt snapshot in effect at fetch, opt-out signals detected, declared licence and how we determined it, and a complete log of what we excluded and why. That is the difference between a legal question your counsel can answer and one they cannot.
Yes, at fetch time, and we record the robots.txt snapshot in effect so the claim is verifiable rather than asserted. Text-and-data-mining opt-out signals are detected and honoured, and documents excluded for that reason appear in the manifest with exclusion_reason.
This does reduce coverage on some sources, and we tell you which parts of a requested scope it removes during scoping. A vendor whose coverage is unaffected by opt-out signals is probably not checking for them.
Because it cannot be reconstructed. The robots.txt in effect on the day you fetched, the opt-out signals present then, and the licence the page declared at that moment are all facts about a past state. Checking today tells you today's position, not the position when the document entered your corpus.
The pattern we see repeatedly: a team collects fast, trains a good model, then enterprise procurement asks how the data was sourced and there is no answer. The remedy at that point is retraining on an accounted corpus, which costs vastly more than recording the manifest would have.
Around 31% in our typical runs, counting exact and near-duplicates but before considering partial overlap. Boilerplate within documents — navigation, cookie notices, footers — can be another third of raw text on a typical page.
We cluster near-duplicates and retain near_dup_cluster on every document rather than silently deleting, because dedup aggressiveness is a modelling decision. You collapse clusters however your objective requires without recollecting anything.
Detection with category flags as standard, and optional redaction configured to your risk posture. Common categories — names in certain contexts, email addresses, phone numbers, identifiers — are flagged with pii_flags, and pii_redacted records whether redaction was applied.
We do not claim detection is exhaustive, because no detector is. What we provide is a documented method, a measured recall figure per category on your own sample during the pilot, and the flags so your own downstream controls have something to work with.
Yes, and it is a growing share of this work. RAG needs different treatment: chunking with stable IDs, heading and section structure preserved, per-chunk source attribution for citation, freshness timestamps, and incremental refresh so the index does not drift stale.
The compliance requirements are the same — arguably more visible, since a RAG system cites its sources to end users. A citation pointing at content the publisher asked not to be used is a problem your users can see.
Yes. Held-out sets are constructed with time partitioning where the domain allows, and we check overlap against the training corpus using the same near-duplicate clustering, reporting contamination rates rather than asserting cleanliness.
The honest limitation: we can check against corpora we can see. If your model was pretrained on a public corpus we do not hold, we cannot verify overlap with it. We say which corpora the contamination check covered rather than implying a general guarantee.
Language identification with a confidence score runs on every document, and per-language quality thresholds are configurable, since a threshold tuned for English performs badly on morphologically rich or low-resource languages.
For genuinely low-resource languages, honest expectation setting matters: the web simply contains less text, and much of what exists is machine-translated. We flag suspected machine translation where detectable, because training on it degrades quality in ways that are hard to diagnose later.
We quote individually. The drivers are corpus scale, how many sources need individual vetting, processing depth — dedup, quality filtering, PII handling — and whether you need ongoing refresh or a one-time build.
Domain-specific corpora with careful source vetting cost more per token than bulk collection, and that is where the value is: general web crawl is largely a commodity through public corpora. One scoping call, a free pilot corpus with full manifest within 48 hours, then a fixed quote — monthly for ongoing refresh, project-based for one-time builds. Request a quote.
Tell us the domain and sources you need. We return a real corpus sample with per-document provenance, exclusions and quality scores within 48 hours.
Free pilot, no card, no obligation. The manifest is part of the sample, so you can hand it to legal immediately.Our web scraping expertise is relied on by 4,000+ global enterprises including Zomato, Tata Consumer, Subway, and Expedia — helping them turn web data into growth.
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